Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Axisymmetry in Triaxial Schwarzschild Orbit Superposition Models

Abstract We present a detailed analysis of the behavior triaxial Schwarzschild orbit superposition method near axisymmetric limit. Orbit modeling is primary used to determine dynamical masses supermassive black holes ( M BH ) in nearby galaxies; however, prior studies have reported conflicting results when comparing outcome from codes with that code show order achieve (oblate) axisymmetry code, care needs be taken axisymmetrize short-axis tube orbits and exclude both long-axis box library. Using up 12 Gauss–Hermite moments line-of-sight velocity distributions as constraints, we demonstrate effects types on best-fit massive elliptical galaxy NGC 1453 Liepold et al. In addition, verify efficacy our updated mock data set. identify subset slowly precessing quasi-planar for which typical integration times can insufficient fully capture equilibrium orbital systems central holes. Further investigation needed more reliable treatment these orbits.